Table 1 |
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|
Summary of pairwise associations between health maintenance reasons for use and type of supplements used. |
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| Nutritional supplementsa |
Avoid sickness |
Imbalanced diet |
Lack of sleep |
Overcome injury |
Aid recovery |
|
|
|||||
| Multivitamin |
χ2 = 3.684 |
χ2 = .060 |
χ2 = 21.763 |
||
| ϕ = .096 |
ϕ = .012 |
NA |
NA |
ϕ = .233 |
|
| (.055) |
(.806) |
(< .001) |
|||
| Echinacea |
χ2 = .726 |
NA |
|||
| ϕ = .042 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
||
| (.394) |
|||||
| Vitamin C |
χ2 = 4.417 |
χ2 = .021 |
χ2 = .261 |
||
| ϕ = .105 |
ϕ = .007 |
NA |
ϕ = .015 |
NA |
|
| (.036) |
(.886) |
(.610) |
|||
| Iron |
NA |
χ2 = .568 |
|||
| ϕ = .038 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
||
| (.451) |
|||||
| Ginsengb |
χ2 = 0.593 |
χ2 = 17.866 |
|||
| ϕ = -.038 |
NA |
ϕ = .211 |
NA |
NA |
|
| (.441) |
(< .001) |
||||
| Whey protein |
χ2 = 1.957 |
||||
| NA |
ϕ = .038 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
| (.162) |
|||||
| Caffeine |
χ2 = 3.255 |
||||
| NA |
NA |
ϕ = .090 |
NA |
NA |
|
| (.071) |
|||||
| Creatine |
χ2 = 1.995 |
||||
| NA |
ϕ = -.070 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
| (.158) |
|||||
| Energy drinks |
χ2 = 4.765 |
χ2 = .137 |
|||
| NA |
ϕ = -.109 |
ϕ = -.018 |
NA |
NA |
|
| (.029) |
(.711) |
||||
|
|
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|
a melatonin excluded from the analysis owing to insufficient data (n = 4) b expected association from anecdotal effect. Each cell displays the χ2 coefficient, ϕ and the corresponding p-values in parentheses (NA = no association expected). |
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|
Petróczi et al. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2008 5:22 doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-22 |
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